根据比较基准的句法性质,英语比较句“than”句式有小句(clause)比较(如(1))和短语(phrase)比较(如(2))两种类型。以上两句语义解释一致,句法结构上是否相关呢?Bresnan(1973)认为短语比较句(phrasal comparatives)是小句比较句(phrasal comparatives)经删略推导而来的,即(1)由(2)删略而来:John is happier than [IP Bill is]。因此,两种句子的语义推导也保持一致。尽管不少学者(如Fu(1977),Tsao(1989),Michael(2007)等)认为汉语比字句中比较基准跟英语一样,应该是从句子删略而来的(如(3)),但这一结论也饱受争议,如Jo-wang Lin(2009)、Xiang (2003,2005)等就认为比字句是短语比较句而不存在句子删略。那么,比字句的比较基准究竟是什么类型?本文试着就汉语的这一问题做一番探讨。
(1)John is happier than [IP Bill is].
(2)John is happier than [DP Bill].
(3)张三比[IP李四高]高。→ 张三比[DP李四]高。
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